(v. t.) To spread a substance thinly over; to smear.

(v. t.) To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; -- often with up or over; as, to rub up silver.

(v. t.) To hinder; to cross; to thwart.

(v. i.) To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost.

(v. i.) To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore.

(v. i.) To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world.

(n.) The act of rubbing; friction.

(n.) That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch.

(n.) Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls; unevenness.

(n.) Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub.

(n.) Imperfection; failing; fault.

(n.) A chance.

(n.) A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a whetstone; -- called also rubstone.

(v. t.) To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to banter.

(n.) A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a fragment.

(n.) Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress.

(n.) A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.

(n.) A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture.

(n.) A ragged edge.

(n.) A sail, or any piece of canvas.

(v. i.) To become tattered.

(v. t.) To break (ore) into lumps for sorting.

(v. t.) To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.

(n.) Redness; blush.

(n.) Ruddle; red ocher.

(n.) The rudd.

(v. t.) To make red.

(a.) A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for garments.

(a.) A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, -- used for various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a potiere, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc.

(a.) A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog.

(v. t.) To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear.

(v. t.) See Aret.

(v. t.) To prepare for use, as flax, by separating the fibers from the woody part by process of soaking, macerating, and other treatment.

() of Run

(p. p.) of Run

(a.) To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog.

(a.) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten.

(a.) To flee, as from fear or danger.

(a.) To steal off; to depart secretly.

(a.) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress.

(a.) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt.

(a.) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle.

(a.) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another.

(a.) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; -- with on.

(a.) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; -- with on.

(a.) To creep, as serpents.

(a.) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold.

(a.) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread.

(a.) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse.

(a.) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round.

(a.) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to Chicago.

(a.) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not to the contrary.

(a.) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the station.

(a.) To make progress; to proceed; to pass.

(a.) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week.

(a.) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west.

(a.) To be in form thus, as a combination of words.

(a.) To be popularly known; to be generally received.

(a.) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly.

(a.) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.

(a.) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in washing.

(a.) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain covenants run with the land.

(a.) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has thirty days to run.

(a.) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs.

(a.) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights; as, the piece ran for six months.

(a.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels.

(a.) Specifically, of a horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body.

(a.) To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; -- so distinguished from walking in athletic competition.

(v. t.) To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block.

(v. i.) To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.

(v. i.) To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot.

(v. i.) To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.

(v. i.) To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like.

(v. i.) To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line.

(v. i.) To cause to pass, or evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable goods.

(v. i.) To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career.

(v. i.) To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress.

(v. i.) To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chances, below.

(v. i.) To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.

(v. i.) To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water.

(v. i.) To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood.

(v. i.) To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel.

(v. i.) To tease with sarcasms and ridicule.

(v. i.) To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.

(v. i.) To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn.

(n.) The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go on the run.

(n.) A small stream; a brook; a creek.

(n.) That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard.

(n.) A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or series; as, a run of good or bad luck.

(n.) State of being current; currency; popularity.

(n.) Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a play; as, to have a run of a hundred successive nights.

(n.) A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes.

(n.) A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep run.

(n.) The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the stern, under the quarter.

(n.) The distance sailed by a ship; as, a good run; a run of fifty miles.

(n.) A voyage; as, a run to China.

(n.) A pleasure excursion; a trip.

(n.) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes.

(n.) A roulade, or series of running tones.

(n.) The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It is executed upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed.

(n.) The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; -- said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning.

(n.) In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is scored; as, a player made three runs; the side went out with two hundred runs.

(n.) A pair or set of millstones.

(a.) Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as, run butter; run iron or lead.

(a.) Smuggled; as, run goods.

(n.) Sexual desire or oestrus of deer, cattle, and various other mammals; heat; also, the period during which the oestrus exists.

(n.) Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore; rote. See Rote.

(v. i.) To have a strong sexual impulse at the reproductive period; -- said of deer, cattle, etc.

(v. t.) To cover in copulation.

(n.) A track worn by a wheel or by habitual passage of anything; a groove in which anything runs. Also used figuratively.

(v. t.) To make a rut or ruts in; -- chiefly used as a past participle or a participial adj.; as, a rutted road.

(n.) A portuguese money of account, in value about one tenth of a cent.

(n.) One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the lateral walls of the thorax.

(n.) That which resembles a rib in form or use.

(n.) One of the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that branch outward and upward from the keel, to support the skin or planking, and give shape and strength to the vessel.

(n.) A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate, cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen it.

(n.) One of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended.

(n.) A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth.

(n.) A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a double-barreled gun.

(n.) The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a leaf.

(n.) Any longitudinal ridge in a plant.

(n.) In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault. These are strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing the whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of these in wood, plaster, or the like.

(n.) A projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like.

(n.) Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein.

(n.) An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support.

(n.) A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam's rib.

(v. t.) To furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; as, to rib cloth.

(v. t.) To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in.

(n.) A ridge.

(v. t.) To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.

(v. t.) To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an odd or fanciful manner; -- commonly followed by out.

(n.) The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are distinguished; as, schooner rig, ship rig, etc. See Illustration in Appendix.

(n.) Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing.

(n.) A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming conduct.

(n.) A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic.

(n.) A blast of wind.

(v. i.) To play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play tricks.

(v. t.) To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer.

(n.) One of several species of small rodents of the genus Mus and allied genera, larger than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the Norway, or brown, rat (M. decumanus), the black rat (M. rattus), and the roof rat (M. Alexandrinus). These were introduced into America from the Old World.

(n.) A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair.

(n.) One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union.

(v. i.) In English politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades, to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those established by a trades union.

(v. i.) To catch or kill rats.

(superl.) Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the action of heat; as, raw sienna; specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable for eating; not done; as, raw meat.

(superl.) Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; as, raw soldiers; a raw recruit.

(superl.) Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art; unwrought.

(superl.) Not distilled; as, raw water

(superl.) Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk or cotton

(superl.) Not mixed or diluted; as, raw spirits

(superl.) Not tried; not melted and strained; as, raw tallow

(superl.) Not tanned; as, raw hides

(superl.) Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; as, the raw edge of a piece of metal or of cloth.

(superl.) Not covered; bare.

(superl.) Bald.

(superl.) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw sore.

(superl.) Sore, as if by being galled.

(superl.) Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; bleak; as, a raw wind.

(n.) A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; as, to touch one on the raw.

(pl. ) of Res

(n.) A thing; the particular thing; a matter; a point.

(v. t.) To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper.

(v. t.) To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground.

(v. t.) To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a surface; as, to rub the hand over the body.

() . imp. & p. p. of Read.

(v. t.) To put on order; to make tidy; also, to free from entanglement or embarrassement; -- generally with up; as, to red up a house.

(superl.) Of the color of blood, or of a tint resembling that color; of the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is furthest from the violet part.

(n.) The color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum farthest from violet, or a tint resembling these.

(n.) A red pigment.

(n.) An abbreviation for Red Republican. See under Red, a.

(a.) The menses.

() A prefix signifying back, against, again, anew; as, recline, to lean back; recall, to call back; recede; remove; reclaim, to call out against; repugn, to fight against; recognition, a knowing again; rejoin, to join again; reiterate; reassure. Combinations containing the prefix re- are readily formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification.